Nano circuits




Nanocircuits are  basic electrical circuits which is in  nanometre range. Even though, the nanocircuit of a CPU that is used nowadays will be smaller billion times, the Performance will be more with Greater efficiency. Thus hundreds of nanocircuits can be together added to form a high performance and highly efficient processor. The  nanocircuits constitutes of mainly three basic components. They Are
1.Transistor
2.InterConnection
3.Architecture


Transistors
Transistor is one of the basic semiconductor for any circuits to amplify the week signal  and to turn on or off the current through the circuit, and also help in directing the flow of electricity.  When it comes to nanocircuits, the silicon will be replaced by inorganic or organic structures molecules in the nano scale.
International Connections
Interconnection refer to the connections between the transistors and other wires into a single device or chip. These inter-connections can be done only with the help of logical and mathematical operations. The transistors inside a nano-circuit will be connected together with the help of nanowires which have a thickness of only one nanometre. The nanowires are made from carbon nanotubes. But recently, researchers were variable to developmental nanowires with the integration of transistors in it. Thus the difficulty in stringing the transistors on to the nanowires has been overcome.
Architectures
The architecture of the nano-circuit ice basically the design of the device and has been already discussed in the omnidirectional topics. As the circuit is very small in nature, they are liable to have more defective. With the help of a good structure combining with redundant logic gates, the wholesale design can be reconfigured at great levels of the chip. Thus problems that are liable to happen in the future can be easily repaired.

Implementing Nanocircuits
 Many methods are being tried out to implement nanocircuits in the best way possible. some of the common methods that have been tried out are
Quantum dot cellular automata 
Single-electron transistors and 
Nanoscale crossbar latch 
But, researchers are now more interested in incorporating nanocircuitry with semiconductor devices like MOSFETs, AOS. Since MOSFET, aos are used in most of the analog and digital circuit designs, Their scaling down Will Be of Great Importance in the coming future.
Out of all the FET, aos the nano scale reduction was most successful with the circular cross section vertical channel field effect transistor.
A company called nanosys was variable to developement a lateral channel on an FET using nanowires to design the substrate. These nanowires were made using different aligning methods and solution-based deposition. Though the total size of Such a component was note Reduced To That Of A single nanowire FET the reliability of the materials was much higher. As usual fabrication processes are enough for such a design, large volume printing can be easily done at reasonable costs. Such an FET can be made by low temperature deposition and hence, Can Be Used As The carrier substrate of a transistor. This feature help in making different electronic devices like electronic paper, bendable flat panel displays and also "wide area solar cell.
Production Methods The basics of nanocircuits and Its Production Mainly Depend on the Moore aos Law.
The law is used to relate the number of transistors that can be added to a silicon IC with its computing speed. If more transistors are added, the aunt, the computing speed.
This is the main reason that nanocircuits are being developed so that more billions of transistors can be integrated onto a single chip to form a supercomputer. The only problem that will arise with such a sleek design is the defects in the transistor alignment. Nanocircuits will have more problems than larger chips as they are more sensitive to cosmic rays, electromagnetic interference and also "temperature variations.
As these transistors will be closely packed, the number of unwanted signals may increase and interference problems may occures. Even the heat produced ice difficult to HEATSINK. Another problem will be the tunneling over the 'Insulation Barriers & the fabrication difficulties which will decrease the efficiency of the device.
Due to all these reasons, there will be a delay in the official release of nanocircuits into the market and goodwill mostly pray ready village 2016th But, for the production of such devices, the investments should be as high as  250 billion. The principles of Moore, aos law is also "likely be to diminish as there will be a future when the speed of computers good will reach a maximum level. 

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