Three Basic Elements of a Microprocessor
A microprocessor has three basic elements, as shown above. The ALU( Arithmetic and Logic Units) performs all arithmetic computations, such as addition, subtraction and logic operations (AND, OR, etc). It is controlled by the Control Unit and receives its data from the Register Array.
The Register Array is a set of registers used for storing data. These registers can be accessed by the ALU very quickly. Some registers have specific functions - we will deal with these later.
The Control Unit controls the entire process. It provides the timing and control signals for getting data into and out of the registers and the ALU and it synchronizes the execution of instructions
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